In chapter 1 author made poignant points about a phobia saying that if society had to reconcile with its ace phobia that would mean a lot of people would have to reconcile with their own past sexual history, and whether they were sexually violated or whether they sexually violated others. I think this is actually a huge point because that is likely what’s happening. It would spoil the culture where people feel untitled to sex. It would call out rape culture really. Acephobia and singleism were shown to be distinct forms of discrimination. Unpartnered people are stigmatized as immature. Asexuals are targeted for corrective rape. Respondents who were most negative towards asexual people were found to correlate with right wing authoritarianism, social dominant structures, and sexism. Asexual’s were found to be targeted with more bias than gay lesbian and bisexuals Asexual’s face a very high level of micro aggressions Intense focus on the genitals and sexual function of tran people, especially penetrative and phallocentric sex is used to paint trans women as sexual predators Centering queerness around sex leaves very little room for asexuals. Queer sex is not the impetus for queerphobia, it’s the divergence from cishetero patriarchal mandates. Queerness should not be measured by level of trauma in fact, queerness should not be measured at all  The myth that ace people do not experience, trauma is itself a acephobic of harm “If and when asexual are mistakenly read as gay or lesbian it is because are asexuality are failure to perform a normal heterosexuality has signaled that there is something non-heteronormative about us.  It has signaled our queerness.” It is read as gay or lesbian because asexuality is constantly invalidated. “Late bloomer” rhetoric (that one will eventually have / prioritize sex) erases asexuality and is condescending. Sexual inexperience is stigmatized, especially by those who are more experienced. Cishetero “**chrononormativity**” contributes to idea of asexuals as late bloomers, since they do not align with a normative timeline. Singleist ideology or “compulsory coupling” was observed in survey data beliefs… - everyone wants to marry and will - A sexual partnership is the one true relationship - Partnered people are more valuable - Partnered people are less lonely, more mature, and have more meaningful life Infantilized asexuals are endlessly assured that the right person will come along and plant them in normalcy and fulfillment of heterosexuality  Queer narratives will always disrupt a chrononormativity of cishetero patriarchy  The adultification and concomitant sexualization of Black girls, without any of the reverence of old age, reveals the white supremacy in chrononormativity In a generation, sex went from something most high schoolers had to something most have not “Chronobiopolitics” Dsm-4 “hypoactive sexual desire disorder” hsdd - persistently absent desire for sexual activity which causes distress or interpersonal difficulties  Dsm-5 then split this disorder into two gendered categories. Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder and female sexual interest or arousal disorder. Thanks to asexual advocacy, there are exceptions for asexuals. However they do not go far enough and subtly discredit asexuals. According to 2019 study, an estimated 1.7% of sexual minority adults identify as asexual, with about 27% identifying as women and 72% nonbinary or gender queer. Overall 86% of asexuals were AFAB. The medical and scientific communities remain split whether asexuality should be considered a sexual orientation or a physiological-psychological disorder. One barrier is that symptoms are similar to sexual desire disorders.  There are three types of sexual desire. Males most common is “spontaneous desire” and the one that tends to be centered. About a third of women experience exclusively or most frequently “responsive desire.” A 2018 LGBT survey found that asexual’s were the most likely respondent to have undergone or offered conversion therapy. Frigidity is an incisive example of how science was used to control women’s sexuality, especially for the sake of men’s pleasure. Women’s low sexual desire was an affront to patriarchy. The author understands frigidity as a kind of asexuality. It informs our understanding of asexuality and brings into question contemporary gendered sexual disorders, such as FSAD and HSDD. In study, asexuals were seen as both most animalistic and most mechanistic among LGBT sexualities. This is form of dehumanization. Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs places sex at the most basic of needs and therefore reduces people to just be biological level The insult “cuckold” has layers of racism. It is leveraged by white men whom fear losing their racial superiority. It raises the images of the Black buck or Mandingo stereotype and fears of miscegenation. The Jezebel and Mammy provided a Black sexual dichotomy, representing hypersexuality and asexuality. Mammy was desexualized to keep her safe and reconcile problem of Blackness in white home. This illogic of Black sexuality supports white supremacy. White supremacy only allows a non consensual asexuality to be written onto the Mammy. Yet refuse an individually determined Black asexuality. 1989, Ray Blanchard coins “analloeroticism”— having no sexual interest in other people, used by Blanchard to designate gender dysphorics who have no erotic attraction to other people. Two types of analloeroticism: 1) automonosexuals: erotically aroused by thought or image of themselves as the opposite sex, but not by other persons. 2) asexuals: those who deny sexual drive or erotic interests of any kind. Blanchard also develops concept of autogynephilia and the typology of male gender dysphoria, and the classification and labeling of non-homosexual gender dysphorias. Asexual communities begin to connect online in late 90’s and early 2000’s. 2009: First asexual entry into US Pride parade. 2010: Asexual pride flag introduced, Asexual / Ace pride week founded. 2012: First international asexual conference. 2013: DSM-5 modified hypoactive sexual desire disorder to include exception for self-identifying asexuals. 2015: The “A” in “LGBTQIA” is officially clarified as representing asexual and not ally.