In political philosophy, there’s a distinction between “the right” and “the good”, particularly concerning whether one should precede or take precedence over the other. ### “The Right” – Rulebook of justice Like a set of rules or laws that define what is just and morally correct in a society. It emphasizes justice, moral duty, law, and individual rights. It tends to prioritize moral correctness over the consequences. ##### Kant [[Kant’s moral philosophy]] emphasized acting according to duty and universal moral laws. His categorical imperative is a classic example of prioritizing the right. ##### Rawls [[John Rawls]] was known for his theory of justice as fairness. Rawls argued for principles of justice that would be chosen under a hypothetical ‘veil of ignorance.’ This emphasis on fair rules and equal rights aligns with the right. ##### Liberalism Historically, liberalism has primarily aligned with “the right,” emphasizing individual rights, justice, and autonomy. Modern liberalism often advocates for education and universal healthcare, indicating an overlap with “the good.” Liberalism attempts to balance individual freedoms (the right) with a fair and equitable society (the good). ### “The Good” – Society’s North star A guiding light or ideal that society strives for. It focuses on collective aspirations and societal values. It’s concerned with what constitutes a fulfilling or virtuous life, emphasizing collective welfare and quality of life. ##### Karl Marx Marx envisioned a communist society, aiming for collective well-being and a classless society where the means of production are communally owned. ##### Michael J. Sandel Sandel, according to his communitarian principles, criticizes liberalism for its over-reliance on “the right” and instead advocates for communal values and public morality in political life. (For example, rather than just framing same-sex marriage as a right, Sandel encourages a moral discussion, focusing on the nature of marriage, family, and societal norms.)